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The story of Lilith dates back to the ancient Sumerian literature and has appeared in epics as old as
Gilgamesh. The artist, Lilian Broca writes: “I went to primary sources for the story of Lilith - i.e. post-biblical literature, the Talmud, the Apocrypha and Pseudopigrapha.” These striking images were
the result of her long time interest in this subject.
According to the myth, God’s first attempt at creating humanity resulted in an androgynous being that was both
male and female, joined as one. Could this be a symbol of the integrated personality of Jung, where the male Animus and the female Anima are joined in full cooperation? In the story, however, God thought
twice about this model and eventually split the two halves, creating one in the shape of a man, (Adam) and another as a woman (Lilith). Both were said to have been formed from the dust of the earth, and
should have been considered equals, but Adam chose to deny the equality of Lilith and strove instead to dominate her. It is here that the rift begins that has wounded both men and women through the ages.
As Jeffrey Smith analyzes it: “In psychological terms, he (Adam) identified with his own ego, and not
with his full self; confronted with his Shadow/Deeper Self, he rejected it, or at least tried to subject it to the demands of his ego. Lilith's response was to fly away…(Adam, after all, lost one half of
his own self.)”
When Lilith refuses Adam’s domination, she calls on the ineffable name of God and leaves him. One should note
that the inverse was also true, for in leaving Adam Lilith also loses one half of her self. To my thinking, this separation is wonderfully reflected in Carl Jung’s psychology, where the personality has
several aspects: The male side or Animus, the female side or Anima and the dark repressed side or Shadow. The work of “integration” according to Jung is to heal the separation between these aspects of
the self and become a fully actuated person where each aspect is accorded equality. The story of Lilith is a perfect illustration of Jung’s “archetypal symbols” reflecting this basic human truth.
To continue with the myth, when Lilith flees Adam the Hebrew version of the story casts her in a dark
light and shows her fleeing to a cave to mate with serpents and spawn a hundred demons each day. In Jungian terms I see this as the rejected Anima consorting instead with the Shadow, the repository of
repressed, negative and undesired traits in the psyche. When God then fashions Eve from Adam’s rib, Lilith, in her agony, returns to prey upon the children of their union. Smith continues to assert:
“If we return to our image of Adam as the ego and Lilith as the Deeper Self, then we find that the ego represses and drives into the Deeper Self what it cannot accept, and what it deems as illegitimate. And what is repressed rebounds on the ego in the form of the demonic, destroying what is acceptable and "legitimate" (symbolized by the offspring of Eve).” -- Jeffrey Smith: www.lilitu.com/lilith/lilit.htm
To my mind the myth of Lilith appears to be an amalgam of the Anima and Shadow, and may be a powerful archetype
for a man who has failed, by other means, to re-integrate his Anima into the self. It is as if the Anima then flees him, as in the traditional telling of the tale, and consorts instead with the Shadow.
The resulting union creates a powerful figure that returns to force itself upon him in his sleep, charged with the power and psychic energy of a sexually dominant being. This being, in its alliance with
the Shadow, is now fully capable of subduing his Animus, or male egocentric self, rendering it powerless and paralyzed, while the union is forced upon him.
The Artist Lilian Broca
sees Lilith in another light. She writes: “Lilith was a powerful female, probably the world’s first feminist. She radiated strength and assertiveness. She refused to cooperate in her own victimization. The ancient Rabbis who acted as the ultimate decision makers as to what stories were to be set in the canon and what was to be omitted, realized that this Lilith could be easily regarded as a role model by women, a condition which provoked too much anxiety in the men to allow such behavior to be encouraged. Hence, the elimination of the Lilith story from the canon. However, the legend had been altered; in time, Lilith was accused of seducing men with her unimaginable beauty, and men’s nightly emissions caused by erotic dreams were attributed to Lilith’s nocturnal visitations.”
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